Nagasaki is a Japanese city.  During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan followed isolationist policies.  They limited trade to several port cities and one of them was Nagasaki. In 1720, the ban on Dutch books was lifted, causing hundreds of scholars to flood into Nagasaki to study European science and art. Consequently, Nagasaki became a major center of what was called rangaku, or "Dutch Learning" during the Edo period.

In WWII, Nagasaki become the second city to be bombed using nuclear technology by the United States.  It is after these bombings that Japan surrenders to the United States.