Qianlong (r. 1736-2796) was a Qing emperor in China who was also a poet and knowledgeable about art and calligraphy.  At the beginning of his reign, the country was well administered and government tax collection were at an all-time high.  Qianlong initiated military campaigns in lands west of China, which led to the annexation of Xinjiang accompanied by mass killing of the local population.  Even today, parts of Xinjiang remain troubled.  The local Muslim population, called Uighurs, has never fully become incorporated into the rest of Chinese culture.  Qianlong also sent armies into Tibet to install the Dalai Lama on the throne there.  A campaign against the Nepalese was successful, forcing them to submit to Chinese rule.  However, campaigns against Burma (modern day Myanmar) and Vietnam were unsuccessful and costly, resulting in emptying the empires treasury.